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Mary Harris Jones
Mary Harris "Mother" Jones (1837〔 – 30 November 1930) was an Irish-American schoolteacher and dressmaker who became a prominent labor and community organizer. She then helped coordinate major strikes and cofounded the Industrial Workers of the World.
Jones worked as a teacher and dressmaker, but after her husband and four children all died of yellow fever in 1867, and her dress shop was destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, she began working as an organizer for the Knights of Labor and the United Mine Workers union. From 1897, at about 60 years of age, she was known as Mother Jones. In 1902 she was called "the most dangerous woman in America" for her success in organizing mine workers and their families against the mine owners. In 1903, to protest the lax enforcement of the child labor laws in the Pennsylvania mines and silk mills, she organized a Children's March from Philadelphia to the home of then president Theodore Roosevelt in New York. ''Mother Jones'' magazine, established in 1970, is named for her.
==Early life==
Mary Harris Jones was born on the north side of the city of Cork, Ireland, the daughter of Roman Catholic tenant farmers Richard Harris and Ellen (née Cotter) Harris.〔''Day by Day in Cork'', Sean Beecher, Collins Press, Cork, 1992〕 She was born on 1 May 1837 and she was baptized on 1 August 1837.〔 Mary Harris and her family were victims, as were many other Irish families, of the great Irish famine. This famine drove more than a million families, including the Harrises, to emigrate to North America. With the deaths from starvation and the massive emigration Ireland's population fell approximately 20-25%. The date of 1 May was chosen to represent the national labor holiday and anniversary of the Haymarket affair, and the year (1830) to imply centenarian status.
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